D- Please read the following excerpt and look at the plot that follows:

Title:Racial Discrimination in Criminal Sentencing: A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence with Additional Evidence on the Death Penalty.

Author:Gary Kleck, Florida State University

Source:American Sociological Review 46, no. 6 (1981): 783-805

In what follows we only present summary data from this study. Professor Fleck was interested, in part, in studying the cases of 326 victims of "nonprimary" homicides. A nonprimary homicide is one in which the defendant and the victim did not know each other, except in a vague way. That is, they're not lovers, relatives, or friends. He found that these 326 cases cross-classified by race of defendant as in Table 13.9.(see page 316)

Chapter 13 | Association and Causation: More than Meets the Eye 5. Race and the Death Penalty Please read the following excerpt and look at the plot that follows: Title Racial Discrimination in Criminal Sentencing: A Critical Evaluation of the Evidence with Additional Evidence on the Death Penalty. Author: Gary Kleck, Florida State University Source: American Sociological Review 46, no. 6 (1981): 783-805. In what follows we only present summary data from this study. Professor Fleck was interested, in part, in studying the cases of 326 victims of "nonprimary" homicides. A nonprimary homicide is one in which the defendant and the victim did not know each other, except in a vague way. That is, they're not lovers, relatives, or friends. He found that these 326 cases cross-classified by race of defendant as in Table 13.9. a. What is the rate of Death Penalty TABLE 13.9 Imposition of the Death Penalty by Race verdicts for white defendants? White Black Defendant Defendant i. 17.5 out of 100 Death Penalty 19 17 ii. 5.8 out of 100 No Death 141 149 iii. 10.2 out of 100 Penalty iv. 11.9 out of 100 Total Cases 160 166 b. What is the rate of Death Penalty verdicts for black defendants? i. 17.5 out of 100 ii. 5.8 out of 100 iii. 10.2 out of 100 iv. 11.9 out of 100 c. Look at the answers you gave to parts a.-b. What association do you see between a verdict of death and race? Explain. TABLE 13.10 Imposition of the Death Penalty by Race of The table above was then broken into two Defendant: White Victim tables, depending on whether the victim Black of the crime was black or white. Table 13.10 White Defendant Defendant contains the results for when the victim was white. Death Penalty 19 11 No Death 132 52 Penalty Total Cases 151 63 316 Beyond the Numbers: A Student-Centered Approach for Learning Statistical Reasoning