Dana Rand owns a catering company that prepares banquets and parties for both individual and business functions throughout the year. Rand's business is seasonal, with a heavy schedule during the summer months and the year-end holidays and a light schedule at other times. During peak periods, there are extra costs; however, even during nonpeak periods Rand must work more to cover her expenses.

One of the major events Rand's customers request is a cocktail party. She offers a standard cocktail party and has developed the following cost structure on a per-person basis.

Food and beverages$16.00Labor (0.6 hr. @ $12 per hour)7.20Overhead (0.6 hr. @ $16 per hour)9.60Total cost per person$32.80

When bidding on cocktail parties, Rand adds a 10 percent markup to this cost structure as a profit margin. Rand is quite certain about her estimates of the prime costs but is not as comfortable with the overhead estimate. This estimate was based on the actual data for the past 12 months presented in the following table. These data indicate that overhead expenses vary with the direct-labor hours expended. The $16 estimate was determined by dividing total overhead expended for the 12 months ($754,000) by total labor hours (46,900) and rounding to the nearest dollar.