Data Connectivity to Front$-$End ApplicationThe importance of data connectivity technologies cannot be overstated; it makes the communication between front$-$end applications and back$-$end data storage imperceptible and results in dynamic, data$-$based user interfaces. Such technologies are essential in that they make it possible for applications to pull, manipulate, and store data without manual intervention, which allows real$-$time data processing and enhancement of user experience.SQL $($Structured Query Language$)$ is the foundation for management in relational databases. It enables the design, querying, updating, and administration of database systems. XML and JSON stand for eXtensible Markup Language and Java Script Object Notation, respectively. XML presents a framework that is both humanly readable and can be easily understood by machines, thus favorable for complicated data structures that may require validation and detailed descriptions of data. JSON employs a text$-$based format, so it is much lighter than XML and much more accessible for humans to write and read. It bases the data structure on arrays and objects, which makes JSON very effective for data interchange within web applications $($Zhu et al$.,2023).$Object Linking and Embedding, Database $($OLE DB$),$ Open Database Connectivity $($ODBC$),$ Java Database Connectivity $($JDBC$),$ ActiveX Data Objects $($ADO$),$ and ADO.NET are all middleware technologies supporting features for the manipulation and exchange of data between and within different computer platforms. OLE DB and ADO are both part of the Microsoft Data Access Components framework with a broad scope of features useful in the manipulation of data from a multitude of data sources. One of the key features that sets ODBCs apart is the standardized API they supply to access database management systems $($DBMSs$).$ JDBC$,$ which executes SQL statements and transmits them to any relational database, is thus essential in the development of Java programs. Lastly, ADO.NET, part of the $.$NET Framework, provides uniform access to such data sources as SQL Server and XML$.$ It is designed to work in disconnected scenarios $($Overview of ODBC, JDBC$,$ OLE DB$,$ and $.$NET, $2021).$All these technologies represent the same thing: efficient data handling and connectivity between different software components. They can hence be grouped under an appropriate name, say "Data Access Technologies", as all these technologies provide mechanisms to access and manipulate the data stored in different database systems. The integration of such data$-$connectivity technologies makes it possible for developers to develop versatile and practical applications that can handle various complex data interactions, hence helping in building a compelling digital infrastructure. With the help of SQL$,$ XML$,$ and JSON in data connectivity, this can be implemented by the developers on all such different platforms to ensure integrity and efficiency in either application, making them central in the digital landscape of today.