David Holley's article "Information Disclosure in Sales," deals with the issue of sales ethics. Holley is concerned with the issue of truthfulness and deception in sales, and more specifically, with how much information a seller (or salesperson) should be required to disclose to a buyer. He argues that a seller has anethical obligation to be honest and disclose some information to the buyer. However, the question is what degree of information disclosure or honesty is required? Holley presents five different degrees or levels of requirement, ranging from a low/undemanding requirement, all the way up to a high/very demanding requirement. His article is aimed at teasing out what the reasonable ethical requirement or expectation for sellers should be.

1. Minimal Information Rule: The buyer is respon sible for acquiring information about the prod- uct. There is no obligation to give any information the buyer does not specifically ask about. 2. Modified Minimal Information Rule: The only ad- ditional information the seller is obligated to give is information a buyer might need to avoid risk of injury (safety information).3. Fairness Rule: In addition to safety information, a seller is responsible for giving the buyer any information needed to make a reasonable judgment about whether to purchase the prod- uct which the buyer could not reasonably be expected to know about unless informed by the seller. 4. Mutual Benefit Rule: In addition to safety in- formation, the seller is responsible for giving the buyer any information needed to make a reasonable judgment about whether to pur- chase the product which the buyer does not possess. 5. Maximal Information Rule: A seller is responsi- ble for giving the buyer any information rele- vant to deciding whether to purchase the product