Den Co. owes J, CPAs $25K for previously rendered tax and consulting services. The fees have been outstanding for more than one year and are significant to J. Den asked J to perform this year's audit but is unable to pay the fees prior to release of the audit report. Which threats to compliance with the AICPA independence rules apply in this situation?

a) Familiarity and adverse interest threats.

b) Self-review and management participation threats.

c) Undue influence and advocacy threats.

d) Self-bias and objectivity threats.