Describe and explain in detail the producer$-$consumer principle for concurrent programming as we studied in this course $.$ Choose one of the mechanisms we use studied to synchronize one producer and one consumer thread and write an example demonstrator with classes called Producer and Consumer working that shows they are synchronized on a producing and consuming a sequentially increasing integer producer produces from $1$ to $10$ and consumer consumes and set the buffer to $0$ after to consuming it$.$ Explain in your comments in the Java code the most important aspects that enabled synchronization between the $2$ threads in step $2$ above.