Despite the theoretical elegance of this hypothesis, empirical studies have come to the opposite conclusion. Despite the favorable effect of international diversification of cash flows, bankruptcy risk was only

about the same for MNEs as for domestic firms. However, MNEs faced higher costs for each of the following EXCEPT:

A$.$ agency costs.

B$.$ asymmetric information.

C$.$ political risk.

D$.$ In fact, each of these costs were higher for the MNE than for the domestic firm.