Determine taxable income in each of the following instances. Assume that the corporation is a C corporation and that book income is before any income tax expense.

a. Book income of $51,000 including capital gains of $1,000, a charitable contribution of $900, and travel and entertainment expenses of $3,500.

b. Book income of $93,000 including capital losses of $2,000, a charitable contribution of $12,500, and travel and entertainment expenses of $1,000

c. Book income of $76,500 including municipal bond interest of $1,000, a charitable contribution of $4,000, and dividends of $1,000 from a 10% owned domestic corporation. The corporation also has an $6,000 charitable contribution carryover.

d. Book income of $130,000 including municipal bond interest of $1,200, a charitable contribution of $3,500, and dividends of $5,500 from a 70% owned domestic corporation. The corporation has a capital loss carryover of $4,500 and a capital gain of $1,000 in the current year.