Determine which of the following message hash-value pairs shows that there has been a manipulation or corruption of the message or hash.

a) x= MAKEH AYWHI LETHE SUNSH INESX hash: QYAJD

b) x= MAKEH AYWHI LETHE MOONS HINES hash: QYAJD

c) x= TODAY IS THE FIRST DAYOF THERE STOFY OURLI FEXXX hash: NMRRH

d) x= THERE STOFY OURLI FEXXX hash: NMRRH

the answer is (a) is likely uncorrupted; (b) is corrupted; (c) is likely uncorrupted; (d) is corrupted. but how to get to that answer. This is a cryptology question.