Determining amount and type (favorable vs unfavorable)of variance required compute variances for the following items and indicate whether each variance is favorable (F) or unfavorable(U)

item	budget	actual	variance	F or U
Sales	$800	$780
Sales revenue	$720,000	$780,000
cost of goods sold	$385,000	$360,000
material purchases at 5,000 pounds	$275,000	$280,000
materials usage	$180,000	$178,000
production volume	$950unit	900 unit
wages at 4,000 hours	$60,000	$58,700
labor usage at $16 per hour	$96,000	97,000
research and development expense	$22,000	$25,000
selling and administrative expenses	$49,000	$40,000