develop a credible causal mechanism connecting women police presence and sexual assault? That is, why could it be that reports of sexual assaults would be higher in cities where there are more women officers?

Could the direction of the relationship be in reverse? That is, could Y (reports of sexual assaults) actually cause X (the percentage of women officers)? Explain why/why not.

To ensure the relationship is not spurious, list three other variables you would want to control for if you were conducting this analysis. That is, what other potential variables could explain changes in Y (reports of sexual assault)? In doing so, keep in mind the unit of analysis used by the authors (city-level aggregate data)