Develop a methodology chapter including a prisma flow chart for a systematic literature review research addressing the following research aim: Amidst the numerous and complex challenges surrounding the achievement of the 'sustainable cities and communities' goal, this paper firmly adopts a resolute stance by conducting an in-depth exploration of the critical aspect of affordable housing and its profound implications resulting from the scarcity of such accommodations. Specifically, this study delves into the multidimensional consequences that arise from the lack of affordable housing, examining its far-reaching effects on individuals, families, and society as a whole. By thoroughly investigating these repercussions, this research seeks to shed light on the urgency of addressing the affordable housing crisis and advocates for effective strategies to create inclusive and sustainable living environments for present and future generations.

While there is existing literature on the importance of affordable housing and its multifaceted benefits, a specific research gap exists in understanding the interplay between housing affordability metrics and their implications on sustainable development. The paper aims to address this gap by critically analysing various housing affordability measures, such as the price-to-earnings ratio, rent-to-income ratio, and surplus to live on method, and their ability to capture the true extent of affordability challenges in the USA, UK and Australia. Moreover, the research will investigate the distributional effects of housing affordability on various segments of society, particularly vulnerable and marginalized communities, in order to provide targeted policy recommendations that promote equitable access to affordable housing.