Developmental psychologists at a prominent California university conducted a longitudinal study investigating the effect of high levels of curiosity in early childhood on intelligence. The local population of 3-year-olds was screened via a test battery assessing curiosity. Twelve of the 3-year-olds scoring in the upper 90% of this variable were given an IQ test at age 3 and again at age 11. The following IQ scores were obtained.

Subject Number	IQ (Age 3)	IQ (Age 11)
1	100	114
2	105	116
3	125	139
4	140	151
5	108	106
6	122	119
7	117	131
8	112	136
9	135	148
10	128	139
11	104	122
12	98	113

a. Using = 0.01 (2 tail), what do you conclude? In drawing your conclusion, assume that it is well established that IQ stays relatively constant over these years for individuals with average or below average levels of curiosity.

b. What is the size of the effect?