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Developmental psychology researchers have shown a genetic influence of shyness in infants where infants who were adopted were more likely to be rated as shy

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Developmental psychology researchers have shown a genetic influence of shyness in infants where infants who were adopted were more likely to be rated as shy at 2 years of age if their biological mothers rated themselves as also being shy (Daniels & Plomin, 1985). A researcher wanted to find out if this finding extended to shyness in identical twins. The researcher recruited a sample of 35 pairs of infants who were identical twins. The researcher asked the infants' primary caregiver to rate each infant's level of shyness and compared the shyness level between each identical twin to see if there was a mean difference in shyness between the pairs of identical twins. The following hypotheses were tested: Ho: Hd = 0 Ha: Hd # 0 The researchers analyzed the data and obtained the following output: Summary statistics: Column n Mean Variance Std. dev. Std. err. FirstBorn 35 5.2 3.6941176 1.9220088 0.32487878 SecondBorn 35 4.9142857 2.6689076 1.6336791 0.27614218 Differences 35 0.28571429 1.5630252 1.2502101 0.21132407 Hypothesis test results: Difference Sample Diff. Std. Err. DF T-Stat P-value FirstBorn - SecondBorn 0.28571429 0.21132407 34 1.3520196 0.1853 Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the output? The data provide sufficient evidence to reject Ho. Thus, the researchers conclude that there is a significant difference in infant shyness between the first-born and second-born identical twins. The data provide sufficient evidence to reject Ho. Thus, based on the data the researchers cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in infant shyness between the first-born and second-born identical twins. O The data do not provide sufficient evidence to reject Ho. Thus, the researchers conclude that there is a significant difference in infant shyness between the first-born and second-born identical twins. O The data do not provide sufficient evidence to reject Ho. Thus, based on the data the researchers cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in infant shyness between the first-born and second-born identical twins

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