Devin has contributed $24,000 to a non-deductible IRA and his current balance is $55,000. He has been invested in an aggressive mutual fund the entire time. He will turn forty years old next month and would like to convert it all to a Roth IRA. Which of the following statements are true about his conversion?

a. Earnings are never taxed similar to a Roth IRA

b. He will have income taxes due on $24,000 of income

c. He will have income taxes due on $31,000 of income

d. He will have income taxes due on $55,000 of income