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Diagnostic tests of medical conditions can have several types of results. The test result can be positive or negative, whether or not a patient has
Diagnostic tests of medical conditions can have several types of results. The test result can be positive or negative, whether or not a patient has the condition. A positive test (+) indicates that the patient has the condition. A negative test (-) indicates that the patient does not have the condition. Remember, a positive test does not prove the patient has the condition. Additional medical work may be required. In a recent article, a team of doctors discuss using a fever of 38C or higher as a diagnostic indicator of postoperative atelectasis (collapse of the lung) as evidenced by x-ray observation. For fever 2 38C as the diagnostic test, the results for postoperative patients are given below. Condition Present Condition Absent Row Total Test Result + 75 31 106 Test Result - 79 70 149 Column Total 154 101 255 Assume the sample is representative of the entire population. For a person selected at random, compute the following probabilities. (Enter your answers as fractions.) (a) P(+ | condition present); this is known as the sensitivity of a test. (b) P(- | condition present); this is known as the false-negative rate. (c) P(- | condition absent); this is known as the specificity of a test. (d) P(+ [ condition absent); this is known as the false-positive rate. e) P(condition present and +); this is the predictive value of the test. (f) P( condition present and -)
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