Differentiate between the "substance over form" approach and the rules-based legalistic approach in developing accounting standards in the context of understanding "earnings management" or "creative accounting" in international contexts. Use relevant examples to support your answer. . (5 Marks)

b)Discuss any two accounting theories which have improved our understanding of international accounting. Refer to at least one research paper to support your answer. . (5 Marks) (Total 10 Marks)