Direct labor or machine hours may not be the appropriate cost driver for overhead in all areas of manufacturing due to the complexities of many manufacturing processes. Many companies use activity-based costing (ABC) which uses multiple drivers (items that consume resources) rather than just one driver to apply overhead to their activities. With ABC, a company can use a cost driver that has a direct cause/effect relationship in its applied overhead costs. Waterways looked into ABC as a method of costing because of the variety of items it produces and the many different activities in which it is involved. The activities listed below area sample of possible cost pools for Waterways. Assembling Payroll Billing Plant supervision Digging trenches Product design Janitorial Purchasing materials Machine maintenance Selling Machine setups Testing Molding Welding Packaging Using the following information, determine the overhead rates and the actual cost assigned for each of the activity cost pools in a Using the following information, determine the overhead rates and the actual cost assigned for each of the activity cost pools in a possible ABC system for Waterways. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.25.) WATERWAYS CORPORATION Expected Use of Cost Drivers per Activity Activity Cost Pools Estimated Overhead Actual Use of Drivers Cost Drivers Irrigation installation Labor cost $2,222,550 13,470 13,448 Machining (all machine use) Machine hours 1,514,050 30,281,000 30,282,000 Customer orders Number of orders 34,970 2,690 2.657 Shipping none (direct) N/A N/A traced directly Design Cost per design 882 9 8 Selling Number of sales calls 318,000 21,200 21,390 WATERWAYS CORPORATION Activity- Based Overhead Rates Activity Cost Pools Actual Cost Assigned : :: WATERWAYS CORPORATION Activity- Based Overhead Rates Activity Cost Pools Actual Cost Assigned Irrigation installation $ Machining (all machine use) Customer orders Design Selling e Textbook and Media How would you classify each of the following activities by level-unit level, batch level, product level, or facility level? Testing of products (if all items are tested) How would you classify each of the following activities by level-unit level, batch level, product level, or facility level? Testing of products (if all items are tested) Testing of products (if all items are not tested) Designing new products Packaging Molding Assembling Depreciation Machine maintenance Advertising Equipment setups Electricity required to run equipment Requisitioning materials