C13 1-4 ? 1-6. BACTERIAL GROWTH & COMPONENTS OF MACROMOLECULES Suppose you discover a one-foot black...
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C13 1-4 ? 1-6. BACTERIAL GROWTH & COMPONENTS OF MACROMOLECULES Suppose you discover a one-foot black and white sphere in Central Park and you suspect it is a new organism. If it really is alive and not an abandoned soccer ball, then A. Is it more likely to be a prokaryote or a eukaryote? B. How can you decide (experimentally) if your answer to (A) is correct? The giant sulfur eating microbe 7. namibiensis can grow to a diameter of 3/4 of a millimeter. A. About how many microns) in diameter is this microbe? B. This microbe is larger than the average unicellular (eukaryote) (prokaryote) (both) (neither). C. The article in Science reporting the discovery of T. namibiensis says "Most bacteria have a size limit because they rely on diffusion to exchange chemical compounds with their environment." The article also says " T. namibiensis... is "hollow inside the living cytoplasm is confined to a thin layer surrounding the nitrate." (The nitrate is used to oxidize sulfur, as the bacterium lives where no oxygen is available.) How does being hollow allow the bacterium to grow so large? If you have 5 E. coli and the doubling time is 20 minutes, how many will you have in 3 hours? Suppose it takes 2 hours to go from 10,000 bacteria to 100,000. Assuming the same growth conditions (same medium, temperature, etc.) how long will it take to go from 50 million to 500 million? *1-5. A. You start with a small number of bacteria and let them grow for a fixed amount of time, say 10 hours. You end up with some large number of bacteria, say a million. You repeat your experiment using a different growth medium. Your lab partner says that in the new medium the doubling time of the bacteria will be shorter. If you start with the same number of bacteria and wait the same length of time (10 hrs), and there are no complications, then in the repeat experiment, you expect to end up with (more) (less) (the same number of) bacteria. B. Suppose you actually do the experiment described in A. that is, you grow bacteria in two different media. At the end of the repeat experiment you find you have the same number of bacteria as you got the first time (1 million), in the original medium. If this happens, then when your experiment is over, your bacteria in the new medium are probably in (lag phase) (log phase) (stationary phase) (lag or log) (log or stationary) (lag or stationary) (can't predict). A. You put some bacteria nutrient broth. Assume they start growing immediately, no lag. You come back 1 hour later and the number of bacteria has increased 10 fold. Under these conditions the doubling time is (<20 min.) (20 min) (>20 min) (can't tell from info given). Explain how you can figure this out without using the formula. B. The average person weighs 70 kg (70 x 10'g). There are about 6 billion (6 x 10) people on earth. The average bacterium weighs about 2 x 10g. If you start with I bacterium, growing with a te of 20 minutes, about how long will it take to have a mass of bacteria equal to the mass of all the people on earth? It should take about (1 hr) (12 hrs) (24 hrs) (48 hrs) (1 week) (can't tell from info given). Show how you figured this out, starting with the formula N- No X 2 doubling time Note: The starred questions are practice problems from old exams. You are encouraged to treat these problems differently from the others. We suggest that you postpone doing the starred problems until after you have done all the other problems (on that particular topic) and you feel confident that you understand the material. Then use the starred problems to test yourself. For more advice on problem solving, go to http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/c2005/advice/problem-solving- tips.html. See esp. tip # 7. If you run into difficulties figuring out the problems, do not hesitate to contact your TA or one of the instructors. Reminder: On actual exams, the questions usually require both a short answer and a short explanation, so it's not enough to get the right answers -- you also have to be able to explain how you got your answers. For advice on how to explain' see page ii. 1 C13 1-4 ? 1-6. BACTERIAL GROWTH & COMPONENTS OF MACROMOLECULES Suppose you discover a one-foot black and white sphere in Central Park and you suspect it is a new organism. If it really is alive and not an abandoned soccer ball, then A. Is it more likely to be a prokaryote or a eukaryote? B. How can you decide (experimentally) if your answer to (A) is correct? The giant sulfur eating microbe 7. namibiensis can grow to a diameter of 3/4 of a millimeter. A. About how many microns) in diameter is this microbe? B. This microbe is larger than the average unicellular (eukaryote) (prokaryote) (both) (neither). C. The article in Science reporting the discovery of T. namibiensis says "Most bacteria have a size limit because they rely on diffusion to exchange chemical compounds with their environment." The article also says " T. namibiensis... is "hollow inside the living cytoplasm is confined to a thin layer surrounding the nitrate." (The nitrate is used to oxidize sulfur, as the bacterium lives where no oxygen is available.) How does being hollow allow the bacterium to grow so large? If you have 5 E. coli and the doubling time is 20 minutes, how many will you have in 3 hours? Suppose it takes 2 hours to go from 10,000 bacteria to 100,000. Assuming the same growth conditions (same medium, temperature, etc.) how long will it take to go from 50 million to 500 million? *1-5. A. You start with a small number of bacteria and let them grow for a fixed amount of time, say 10 hours. You end up with some large number of bacteria, say a million. You repeat your experiment using a different growth medium. Your lab partner says that in the new medium the doubling time of the bacteria will be shorter. If you start with the same number of bacteria and wait the same length of time (10 hrs), and there are no complications, then in the repeat experiment, you expect to end up with (more) (less) (the same number of) bacteria. B. Suppose you actually do the experiment described in A. that is, you grow bacteria in two different media. At the end of the repeat experiment you find you have the same number of bacteria as you got the first time (1 million), in the original medium. If this happens, then when your experiment is over, your bacteria in the new medium are probably in (lag phase) (log phase) (stationary phase) (lag or log) (log or stationary) (lag or stationary) (can't predict). A. You put some bacteria nutrient broth. Assume they start growing immediately, no lag. You come back 1 hour later and the number of bacteria has increased 10 fold. Under these conditions the doubling time is (<20 min.) (20 min) (>20 min) (can't tell from info given). Explain how you can figure this out without using the formula. B. The average person weighs 70 kg (70 x 10'g). There are about 6 billion (6 x 10) people on earth. The average bacterium weighs about 2 x 10g. If you start with I bacterium, growing with a te of 20 minutes, about how long will it take to have a mass of bacteria equal to the mass of all the people on earth? It should take about (1 hr) (12 hrs) (24 hrs) (48 hrs) (1 week) (can't tell from info given). Show how you figured this out, starting with the formula N- No X 2 doubling time Note: The starred questions are practice problems from old exams. You are encouraged to treat these problems differently from the others. We suggest that you postpone doing the starred problems until after you have done all the other problems (on that particular topic) and you feel confident that you understand the material. Then use the starred problems to test yourself. For more advice on problem solving, go to http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/c2005/advice/problem-solving- tips.html. See esp. tip # 7. If you run into difficulties figuring out the problems, do not hesitate to contact your TA or one of the instructors. Reminder: On actual exams, the questions usually require both a short answer and a short explanation, so it's not enough to get the right answers -- you also have to be able to explain how you got your answers. For advice on how to explain' see page ii. 1
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Q11 Answers and Explanation A Eukaryote since it is too large to be a single cell and almost all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic B Search for m... View the full answer
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