1. Discuss effective motivational factors for creative accounting. How these do factors help managers to overcome financial difficulties or just satisfied their greed?

2. Critically evaluate any three circumstances where managers engaged in fraudulent activities and also discuss the concepts of barter transactions in dot.com in fraudulent behavior.

3. That earning management reduces transparency is a simplistic idea. A fundamental feature of decentralized organizations is the dispersal of information across people. Different people know different things and nobody knows everything. In such an environment, a managed earnings stream can convey more information than an unmanaged earnings stream. A smooth car ride is not only comfortable, but in also reassures the passenger about the drivers expertise

Required:

Outline the argument as to why earning management by complex firm can provide useful and credible information to investors. What are some of the cost of opportunistic smoothing of earning?

4. Earnings management occurs when managers use judgment in financial reporting and in structuring transactions to alter financial reports to either mislead some stakeholders about the underlying economic performance of the company or to influence contractual outcomes that depend on reported accounting numbers.

Required:-

Why management wants to use the accruals method as opposed to using real actions to manage earnings? Why is it important for managers to meet earnings targets? (5 marks)

5. How is creative accounting is designed by exploiting loopholes in the existing regulatory system to serve prepares not users interest? Explain with the help of a suitable example.

(5 marks)

6. Critically explain how quantity can be manipulated by doing a particularly rigorous stock-take in years when profit needs to be increased and then a slack stock-take if the inventory is too high. (5 marks)

7. Will account give a true and fair view of accounting reporting if managers engaged in creative account? Can it be fraudulent? Provide an example to support your answer. (5 marks)

8. Jennens Plc

Jennens Plc heads a diversified group of companies that provide a range of goods and services to more than fifty countries. The year and audit has been completed, and a clean audit report issued, but the auditors have submitted a long management letter highlighting some series concern about the recognition of revenues. There is a clear suggestion in the letter that as the group continues to grow the issues raised could ultimately prove sufficient to lead to a qualified opinion in future years unless resolved.

An extract from the letter is shown below:

1. When new industrial gas cookers are delivered to customers from your French manufacturing plant the scale is recognized upon delivery at the clients premises.
2. To improve group cash flows you have wisely convinced two of your largest customers in the USA to make a 30% advance payment when they place orders irrespective of whether or not the inventory is currently held in the warehouse. This cash is recognized within your balance sheet and revenues on the payment date.
3. As part of contract to deliver and install new textiles processing equipment in Malaysia you undertake a six month training programming for the employee of your customers in the use of the equipment. This involves a trainer visiting the clients premises for one day a month over the training period. You currently recognize the full value of the sale on the date the plant is brought into operation.

Required:-

Comment on the appropriateness of revenue recognition procedures adopted by Jennens plc in each of the case raised by the auditors management letter. (5 marks)

(Word limit for each questions 500-700 words