Discuss key concepts such as mass and energy balances, reaction kinetics, and transport phenomena, elucidating their role in process design and optimization. Analyze the significance of chemical engineering in addressing societal needs such as energy production, environmental sustainability, and pharmaceutical development. Consider the interdisciplinary nature of chemical engineering, integrating knowledge from chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Additionally, examine emerging technologies like biotechnology and process intensification, and their implications for advancing the field. Conclude by discussing future challenges and opportunities in chemical engineering for addressing global societal and environmental concerns.