Discussion: Unit 6, Due Wednesday by 11:59 pm CT

Principle 5 discusses the principle of disrupting the delinquency network.

• What does this mean?
• If you wanted to implement this principle at your correctional facility, how might you go about it?

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references

Eevision Date: 5/22/2018 Title: Eight Principles of Effective Intervention Procedural Bulletin # 1 Purpase To provide Community Corrections Grant Funded Entities with foundational information related to community supervision and use of evidence-based practices. Section 1: As per IC 11-12-1-2.5, Community Corrections Programs are to use evidence-based services, programs, and practices to reduce the risk of recidivism of those persons participating in IDOC grant funded programs or levels of supervision. Per the Indiana Probation Standards, all policies and procedures for the operation of the department are required to be consistent with evidence-based practices. Evidence-based practices in corrections are those which are empirically proven to reduce recidivism within the target population. This research should guide policies and procedures and ensure that grant funded entities are delivering the most effective programs to the supervised participants. The Eight Principles of Effective Intervention, when used in their entirety with post-conviction participants, have been proven to decrease a participant's risk to recidivate. Some of these principles have been shown to be effective with Pre-Trial participants. Those principles are noted below in blue. Eight Evidence-Based Principles for Effective Intervention 1. Assess Actuarial Risk/Need (*I're-Trial should assess Risk but not Needs) 2. Enhance Intrinsic Motivation 3. Target Interventions a. Risk Irinciple (*I're-Trial should target interventions that affect Risk but not needs.) b. Need Principle c. Responsivity Principle d. Dosage e. Treatment . Skill Train with Directed Practice . Increase Positive Reinforcement (*Pre-Trial) . Engage Ongoing Support in Natural Communities . Measure Relevant Processes/Practices (*I're-Trial) =1 @ U e 8. Provide Measurement Feedback (*Pre-Trial) 1. Assess Actuarial Risk/Needs - The State of Indiana currently recognizes and uses the Indiana Risk Assessment System (IRAS) to determine the risks and needs of the adult participant population in the legal system. Static and dynamic risk factors are assessed to determine the likelihood of an individual reoffending. As a part of best practices, grant funded entities should also utilize additional actuarial assessment tools when necessary with both post- conviction and pre-trial individuals. Post-Conviction Assessments All community corrections program participants are required to be assessed with the IRAS. The IRAS must be conducted by a staff member certified through the Indiana Office of Court Services. The IRAS tool that should be used for post-conviction participants is the Community Supervision Tool (CST). Each adult post-conviction participant should receive an intake and discharge assessment, as well as any reassessments, if applicable. Agencies are to adhere to the minimum standards as outlined by the Indiana Office of Court Services and to their local agency policies and procedures. Pre-Trial Assessments s Participants under Pre-Trial Supervision should assess an individual's risk with the IRAS Pre-Trial Tool (PAT). Agencies are to adhere to the minimum standards as outlined by the Indiana Office of Court Services and to their local agency policies and procedures. 2. Enhance Intrinsic Motivation Motivation for participant change may be external or internal and is unique to the individual. Short term effects on participant behavior may occur either through negative consequences or personal hardships; however, long term change is achieved when a person is internally motivated. Participants are generally motivated by external factors and aren't well-equipped to motivate themselves in a prosocial manner. Effective staff interactions with participants will facilitate the transfer of motivation from external factors to internal ones. Staff should be trained in courses such as Effective Communication and Motivational Strategies or Motivational Interviewing, and refresher trainings and/or learning teams should be used to strengthen these skills. Supervisors should directly observe and evaluate staff members' performance of these skills for quality assurance measures annually, at minimum. 3. Target Interventions Each participant under supervision should create a case plan with their case manager. Case Planning should consider the following: A. RISK PRINCIPLE: Prioritize supervision and treatment resources for higher risk offenders. B. NEED PRINCIFPLE: Target interventions to criminogenic needs. C. RESPONSIVITY PRINCIPLE: Be responsive to temperament, learning style, motivation, gender, and culture when assigning to programs. Page 2 E. TREATMENT PRINCIPLE: Integrate treatment into the full sentence/sanction requirements. a) Risk Principle Prioritize primary supervision and treatment resources for offenders who are at higher risk to re-offend. Shifting program and personnel resources to focus more on higher risk offenders promotes harm-reduction and public safety in several ways. First, higher risk offenders have a greater need for pro-social skills and thinking and consequently, are more apt to demonstrate significant improvements through related interventions. Second, offenders that are frequently involved in criminal behavior (high base-rate offenders) are found in greater prevalence in higher- rather than lower risk offender populations. In terms of public safety, there is a much larger bang-for-the-buck when high base-rate offenders reduce or end their criminality. Finally, supervision and treatment resources that are focused on lower- risk offenders tend to produce little if any net positive effect on recidivism rates. High-risk offenders generally present multiple criminogenic areas (e.g., antisocial cognition, antisocial temperament, antisocial associates, dysfunctional family/marital issues, substance abuse, employment, education, leisure activities) needing to be addressed at significant levels. Successfully addressing this population's issues requires placing these types of offenders on smaller caseloads, applying well developed case plans, and placing offenders into sufficiently intense cognitive-behavioral interventions that target their specific criminogenic needs. (Gendreau, 1997: Andrews & Bonta, 1998; Harland, 1996; Sherman, et al, 1998; McoGuire, 2001, 2002) b) Criminogenic Need Principle Address offenders' greatest criminogenic needs. Offenders have a variety of needs, some of which are directly linked to criminal behavior. These criminogenic needs are dynamic risk factors that, when addressed or changed, affect the offender's risk for recidivism. The top four most influential criminogenic needs are 1) Antisocial cognition 2) Antisocial personality (temperament), 3) Antisocial associates 4) Family/marital support. Other Criminogenic Needs include: 5) Substance abuse 6) Employment 7) Education 8) Leisure activities. Based on an assessment of the offender, these criminogenic needs can be prioritized so that services are focused on the greatest criminogenic needs. {Andrews & Bonta, 1998; Lipton, et al, 2000; Elliott, 2001; Harland, 1996; Carey Group Publishing 2013)