Discussions about de-growth and steady-state are?.

Select one:

a.

largely ideological and left of centre.

b.

driven by growing ecological necessity.

c.

ecocentric utopias.

d.

anti Third World.

De-growth is essentially zero GDP growth.

Select one:

a.

True

b.

False

Infinite economic expansion violates ? (multiple answers possible)

Select one or more:

a.

the First Law of Thermodynamics

b.

Law of gravity

c.

the Second Law of Thermodynamics

d.

the Third Law of Thermodynamics

e.

the Third Law of Thermodynamics

f.

Law of diminishing returns

g.

Law of averages

Competitive exclusion stands for ?

Select one:

a.

rising levels of affluence consequent to economic growth in competitive markets.

b.

crowding out of natural capital by a growing human economy.

c.

measure of compatibility between human-made and natural capital.

d.

all of the above

Which of the following is an example of defensive spending?

Select one:

a.

platinum dog collar

b.

body guard

c.

economic textbook

d.

liposuction

e.

3rd investment home

Differentiated growth?

Select one:

a.

has varying environmental impacts.

b.

has different social effects in different countries; thus differentiated.

c.

is computed using differentials.

d.

unvaryingly enhances quality of life.

Economic growth ?

Select one:

a.

is an increase in a country's economic output.

b.

equates to economic development.

c.

is assumed to lift a country's standard of living.

d.

can be decoupled from environmental impacts.

e.

a and c.

f.

a, b and d.

g.

none of the above.

Economic growth ?

Select one:

a.

drives energy consumption.

b.

makes energy consumption more efficient and thus cheaper.

c.

is decoupled from energy consumption.

d.

is driven by available and cheap energy.

Uneconomic growth is ?

Select one:

a.

evidence of the Law of Diminishing Returns of consumption.

b.

a sign that growth is failing to improve the human lot.

c.

an indication that the cost of economic expansion exceeds the benefits.

d.

all of the above

In the short-term, de-growth can lead to ?

Select one:

a.

high unemployment.

b.

increased government spending.

c.

economic instability.

d.

reduced consumer demand.

e.

all of the above.

f.

none of the above.