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q $1.$ How bit and byte stuffing works? Explain. Differentiate between pure and slotted ALOHA. A pure ALOHA network transmits $500-$bit frames on a shared channel of $250$ kbps$.$ What is the requirement to make this frame collision$-$free?

Q$2$ Consider a network with five nodes as shown below. When the network using Distance Vector Routing Protocol, then the distance vectors are N$1(0,1,7,8,4),$N$2(1,0,6,7,3),$N$3(7,6,0,2,6),$N$4(8,7,2,0,4),$N$5(4,3,6,4,0).$ If the cost between nodes N$2$ and N$3$ reduces to $2$ and N$1$ to N$2$ link goes down, what will be calculated distance vectors?