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Confounders are common causes of both treatment/exposure and of response/outcome. Confounding is better taken care of by randomization at the design stage of the research (6).

A successful randomization minimizes confounding by unmeasured as well as measured factors, whereas statistical control that addresses confounding by measurement and can introduce confounding through inappropriate control (7-9). Confounding can persist, even after adjustment. In many studies, confounders are not adjusted because they were not measured during the process of data gathering. In some situation, confounder variables are measured with error or their categories are improperly defined (for example age categories were not well implied its confounding nature) (10). Also there is a possibility that the variables that are controlled as the confounders were actually not confounders.

1. As in the atomic stimuli/symbols, justify the conversion of the primitive sequence.

2. From the Sigma algebra, help understand the collection of subsets of a se

3. Rule out the Binding mismatch as an example of noise

4. Render true the inclusion of the Recognition of user is outdoors during a snowstorm in the situations require special training.

5.Which parameter has to be carried out for reverse flow of knowledge?

6. From the hypothesis management, approach the threshold on probability

7. What is the advantage of expressing API components as maps?

8. Consider the Scene as variable of the communication context?

9. Explain the relevance of the Effect in influencing the output of act phase to various sections of architecture map?

10. How does reason determine the nearest sequence of the novel sequence?