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Does multicollinearity appear to be a problem in this dataset? How do you know, and how would you proceed? Firm ID firm performanc e 4.333333

Does multicollinearity appear to be a problem in this dataset? How do you know, and how would you proceed?

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Firm ID firm performanc e 4.333333 4 customer orientatio n 5.5 6.25 long-term orientatio n 6.2 4.8 benchmarkin g planning risk taking 1 2 ownershi p (private = 1) 1 0 5 1.833333 5 5.8 3 0 4.666667 6.25 2 5.5 4 5 6 0 1 1 4 4.666667 5.666667 4.25 6.25 5.25 3.8 5.6 4.2 1.666667 4.5 5 7 8 0 0 2.666667 2.666667 3 5.75 5.4 3 5.333333 4.333333 9 1 5 6.25 5 3.333333 10 1 6 6.25 5.8 3.833333 11 12 1 0 5 5 6 6.25 3.8 5 4 4.666667 13 14 15 16 1 0 0 0 5.333333 5 4.666667 4 5.5 4.75 6.5 6.75 5.4 5.2 6.8 3.6 2.666667 6.666667 4.666667 5.833333 17 1 5.333333 5.5 3.8 4.833333 18 0 3 5.75 4.8 5.666667 19 1 2 1 1.4 3.333333 20 1 4.666667 5.25 5.6 4.5 21 0 6 5.75 5 5.5 22 23 1 0 5 2.666667 6.5 7 5.2 3.8 5.166667 4 24 25 26 0 0 1 4.666667 4.333333 3.666667 5.5 6.75 5.75 5 5.8 4.6 5 5.166667 3.5 27 0 2 2 2.8 1.166667 1 4.16666 7 5.33333 3 5 4.5 2.16666 7 5.5 4.66666 7 3.83333 3 4.33333 3 3 3.83333 3 4 6 5.5 3.83333 3 2.83333 3 3.33333 3 4.33333 3 1.16666 7 4.33333 3 4 3.16666 7 7 4 4.16666 7 2.83333 3 4.8 6 5.2 3 4.6 6.8 4.8 2.8 3.6 4.2 3.2 1.6 4 3.8 3.4 3.2 4 4.2 3 3.4 4.4 3.6 5.6 5.2 3.4 28 1 6 5.75 5.6 5.666667 29 1 4 5.75 3.4 3.333333 30 31 1 0 5.333333 3 7 4 5.4 4.2 6.166667 4.833333 32 33 0 1 3.666667 6 5.5 5.25 5 6 4.833333 4 34 0 4 5.75 5.2 3.833333 35 36 0 1 4 3.666667 5.5 2.75 5 1.4 4.833333 4.666667 37 1 6 7 5.2 5.333333 38 0 6.333333 7 5.8 6.666667 39 40 0 0 7 5.333333 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.666667 4.833333 41 1 5 5.75 4.8 4.166667 42 43 1 0 5.333333 2.333333 4.75 6.25 5 5 1.333333 6 44 1 4.333333 6 3.4 2.666667 45 46 1 0 5.333333 4 5.5 5.5 5 5.4 6 5.5 47 0 5 6.25 5 3.333333 48 1 6 6.25 5.8 3.833333 49 50 1 0 5 5 6 6.25 3.8 5 4 4.666667 51 52 53 54 1 0 0 0 5.333333 3 5.333333 3.666667 5.5 2 5.75 7 5.4 2.8 3.4 5.8 2.666667 5.166667 5.833333 4.5 55 56 1 0 4.666667 4 5.25 3.75 5.4 6.4 5.833333 5.166667 1.16666 7 3.33333 3 4 6.66666 7 4.5 4.16666 7 3.66666 7 4.5 4.83333 3 2.83333 3 4.16666 7 7 5.66666 7 5.33333 3 2 3.33333 3 2.66666 7 3 5.16666 7 3.83333 3 4.33333 3 3 3.83333 3 4 3 6 3.66666 7 3.5 5.66666 3.6 4 3.2 3.6 3.6 4 4.6 3 2.6 3 6.2 3 5 3.6 3.6 5.2 3.8 3.6 4.6 4.8 2.8 3.6 4.2 3.2 4 6.6 6.4 3 3.2 57 58 59 0 1 1 3 6.666667 5.333333 5.5 6.75 6 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.333333 5.833333 4.333333 60 61 0 1 6 4 6 6.25 6.2 3.4 3.833333 5 62 63 1 0 5.333333 3 4 5.25 5.6 4.2 2.333333 3.5 64 65 1 0 6 2.666667 6 5 6.6 2.4 4.833333 5 66 1 4.666667 5.75 5.6 4 67 1 5.666667 7 5.4 5.5 68 0 1.666667 3 2.2 1 69 70 1 1 4 5 6.5 5.75 4.6 6 3.166667 4.666667 71 0 6 6.25 6.2 6 72 0 5 3.5 6.8 6.166667 73 74 75 0 1 1 5.333333 5.666667 4 7 7 6.75 6.2 7 6.2 5.833333 5.166667 3.666667 76 77 1 1 2.666667 4.666667 6 7 4.8 5.8 3.666667 6.166667 78 79 80 0 1 1 5.666667 6 4.333333 5.5 5.25 5.75 3.8 6.2 2.8 5.166667 5 3 81 0 2.666667 6.5 2 4.833333 82 83 1 1 4.666667 2.666667 6.25 5 4 3.4 2.5 4.833333 84 85 1 0 4 5 4.5 6 5.2 4 6 5 7 6 5 3.83333 3 4.5 4.66666 7 5.5 4.66666 7 4 3.83333 3 2.83333 3 3.16666 7 4.83333 3 1 2.66666 7 5.66666 7 4.66666 7 4 3.5 5.16666 7 5.5 2.66666 7 5.5 3.5 4.33333 3 4.66666 7 3 2.83333 3 2 5.16666 7 5 2.8 2.6 4.4 3.6 3.6 5.6 4 6 5.4 4.6 7 5 5.2 4 3.8 3.8 4.2 3.4 2.6 5.2 4.6 4.8 3 5 4.8 2.8 4 5.2 86 1 5.666667 5.75 6.6 1 87 1 4.333333 1.75 5.8 4.666667 88 0 3.666667 5.75 5.8 3.166667 89 90 1 1 3.666667 6 6 6.5 2 5.6 3.166667 5.333333 91 0 2 2 5.4 6.333333 92 1 4.666667 5.5 5.6 3 93 94 95 96 1 1 0 1 6 2.333333 2.666667 3.666667 6 4.5 2 6.75 5 5.6 3.2 6.2 3 3.333333 4.666667 3.5 97 98 1 1 6.666667 4 6.25 6.5 6.6 5 2.5 4.666667 99 100 0 0 3 4.666667 5.25 5.75 5.8 5.6 4 3 101 1 3.666667 7 3.8 1.5 102 103 0 1 5 4.666667 6.5 6.5 2.6 5 4.333333 2.166667 104 105 0 0 4 3.333333 6 6.5 3.4 5.6 4.833333 5 106 1 4.333333 5.75 4.2 4.833333 107 1 2 1 2.6 6 108 0 5 6.5 7 4.333333 109 110 1 0 4.666667 5.333333 5 6.25 6 5.8 2.833333 5.333333 111 112 113 114 1 0 0 0 2.666667 4 3 5.333333 7 6.25 5.75 6 4 6 2 5 4 4 3.166667 5.666667 3.83333 3 3.83333 3 4.83333 3 3.5 3.33333 3 4.33333 3 4.16666 7 5 3.5 4.5 2.83333 3 4.5 3.16666 7 4 4.16666 7 3.83333 3 3.5 2.66666 7 4.5 3.33333 3 5.66666 7 4.33333 3 4.66666 7 4 3.83333 3 4 4 3.5 5.16666 7 2.6 3.4 5.8 5.4 2.6 6 5.6 5 3.2 4.4 4.2 4.6 4 4.8 4.6 5.4 5.8 5 3.8 5.4 4.2 5.4 3.6 3.2 2.2 5.8 5.8 4.8 4.2 115 1 3 5.75 5 4.666667 116 1 3.666667 5.75 5 3 117 118 0 1 4.333333 1 5.25 1 5 1 5.5 4 119 120 121 122 1 0 1 1 2 2.333333 4 3.666667 6 7 4.25 6.75 4.6 7 5.6 5.4 6.333333 2.333333 6.833333 5.666667 123 1 3.333333 2 4.4 4.166667 124 125 1 0 3 7 6.5 7 5.4 6.6 4.166667 5 126 1 3.333333 7 5.6 3 127 128 129 1 1 0 3 4 3.666667 7 5 3 6.2 4.2 3.8 5.5 3.5 4.666667 130 1 2.333333 2 5.2 4.333333 131 1 1.666667 1 5.4 5.166667 132 133 0 0 2.666667 1.666667 2 5.75 4.4 5.8 5.5 4 134 135 136 1 0 1 5.333333 3.333333 1.666667 5.75 6.5 2 5.2 6.2 2.2 3 3.666667 4.333333 137 138 1 1 2.333333 4 3.75 5.25 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.666667 139 1 7 5.75 3.8 6.333333 140 1 4 4.5 4.4 2.333333 141 1 3.666667 6 2.2 3.5 142 1 4.666667 5.5 6 4.666667 143 0 3 6.25 6 5 4.83333 3 5.66666 7 3.5 5.33333 3 1 6.5 2 5.33333 3 2.66666 7 2.5 5.83333 3 2.33333 3 1 5.5 4.66666 7 2.83333 3 4.16666 7 5 5.66666 7 3 2 2.33333 3 3.5 1.66666 7 2.66666 7 3.33333 3 3.83333 3 1.66666 7 3.83333 4.6 3.6 3.4 1 3 5 3.8 4.2 5.6 6.2 3.4 5.2 2.4 4.2 3.4 5.4 5.4 2.4 4 4.4 3.8 5.8 5.4 4.4 5 4.8 5.6 4.6 5.6 144 145 1 1 2.333333 4.333333 5 5.5 6.8 4.8 5.666667 4.5 146 147 1 1 6.333333 4.666667 6.25 6.75 6.2 6.4 5.666667 5.5 148 0 2 3.25 4 5 149 150 1 0 1.666667 5 1.5 5.25 1.8 2.8 1 2 151 152 153 1 1 0 2.333333 4.333333 6 5.25 6 5.5 2.8 6.4 2.8 5.666667 6 4.333333 154 155 0 0 6.333333 2.666667 6.25 6.25 5.8 5.2 4.833333 4.333333 156 157 158 159 1 0 1 0 1 5.333333 4.666667 5.666667 1 6 6.75 3.5 5.4 4.8 5.4 7 4 5.666667 5.166667 4.833333 160 1 5 6 5.8 4.5 161 0 5.666667 6.25 5.6 6.5 162 1 2 6 5.8 5.666667 163 0 2.666667 6 4 4 164 165 0 1 5.666667 6.333333 6.25 2.25 5 6.8 3 5.5 166 167 0 0 5.333333 4.333333 5 6.5 4.8 6.2 4.666667 4.333333 168 169 0 0 5 3.333333 5.75 1.25 6 5.4 3.166667 5.333333 170 1 5.333333 6 5.4 4.166667 171 172 173 1 0 0 5.333333 6.666667 3.666667 1 7 2 6.4 4.2 2.6 4.166667 4 4.666667 3 1.5 3.33333 3 4.5 3.33333 3 5.33333 3 2 4.83333 3 1 1 3.66666 7 5.5 4.33333 3 3 5 3 5.33333 3 3.83333 3 6.33333 3 3.33333 3 6.33333 3 5 3.33333 3 4 6.66666 7 5 3.16666 7 3.16666 7 4.5 3 3.5 2.6 4 2.8 1.8 3.8 6.2 5.4 6.2 5.6 4 6 4.4 3.6 2.6 3.4 1.6 3.4 3.8 4.4 4 4 3.2 3.4 4.6 5 1.8 5.2 3.8 6.8 1.8 174 175 1 0 4.333333 4 5.5 6.25 6.2 4.8 5 1.833333 1 4.16666 7 5 5.8 Part 1: Firm Performance In this spreadsheet, you will find data with a number of variables that are commonly studied in business strategy research. Working from column A across, each firm has an identifier code. Firm ownership is a dummy coded variable where 0 = publicly-traded and 1 = privately-held firm ownership. Firm performance is the company's self-assessment about the extent to which they meet/exceed performance expectations. The remaining variables are factors that are predicted to influence performance. Customer orientation measures the extent to which a firm focuses on its customers and their needs, wants, and preferences. Long term orientation, benchmarking, and planning are variables that speak to the firm's strategic planning capacity. Finally, risk taking is the firm's capacity for risky strategic moves. Each variable is measured by managers reporting on a 1-7 Likert scale. 7a. Many experts believe that risk taking is a good practice for the company, and that it is a skill they should develop for better business performance. Estimate (and report) the regression equation for the influence of risk taking on firm performance. What is the nature of that relationship, and how does the overall model perform? 7b. If you wanted to apply this model to an additional business (not in this dataset) with a risk taking score of 1.5, what do you expect its performance score to be? If it has a risk taking score of 6.5? 8. Some researchers believe that risk taking actually has a nonlinear relationship with firm performancethat it can be good at moderate levels and not necessarily at the extremes. Is the nonlinear form of risk taking a significant predictor of firm performance? How does this model compare to the model you ran in Question 7a, and what do you conclude about risk taking's relationship with firm performance? 9. Estimate a multiple regression model for the influence of customer orientation, long-term orientation, and benchmarking on firm performance. Report the regression equation and interpret your findings. 10. Some experts believe that publicly-traded companies engage in greater planning than do privately-held companies. To test this question, imagine that you know population standard deviation for company planning (based on a comprehensive executive survey) for all privately-held companies is 1.65, and for publicly-traded companies is 1.25. What do you conclude

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