Dunder Mifflin Paper Corroany, lic. is exarning its cash flow requirernents for the next $7$ years. The company expects to upgrade The Oxice machines and computer equipment at variois limes cwer the $7-$year from now and $$B,000.$ five years from now. What is the presmit warth of the planned expenditures at an interes; rate of $11\%$ per year? $($Section $2\mathrm{.}1)$ perikd? Sohe using

$($a$)$ formula,

$($b$)$ roctaion $($tabulaiod facion, nne!

$($c$)$ Excel function. $($Soction $22)$