During 2017, Fanning Manufacturing Company incurred $64,400,000 of research and development (R&D) costs to create a long-life battery to use in computers. In accordance with FASB standards, the entire R&D cost was recognized as an expense in 2017. Manufacturing costs (direct materials, direct labor, and overhead) are expected to be $66 per unit. Packaging, shipping, and sales commissions are expected to be $8 per unit. Fanning expects to sell 1,400,000 batteries before new research renders the battery design technologically obsolete. During 2017, Fanning made 446,000 batteries and sold 407,000 of them.

Required

a. Identify the upstream and downstream costs.

b. Determine the 2017 amount of cost of goods sold and the ending inventory balance that would appear on the financial statements that are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

c. Determine the sales price assuming that Fanning desires to earn a profit margin that is equal to 30 percent of the total cost of developing, making, and distributing the batteries.

d. Prepare a GAAP-based income statement for 2017. Use the sales price developed in Requirement c.

Required A Required B Required CRequired D Determine the sales price assuming that Fanning desires to earn a profit margin that is equal to 25 percent of the total cost of developing, making, and distributing the batteries. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to2 decimal places.) Sales price