During its most recent fiscal year, Raphael Enterprises sold 290,000 electric screwdrivers at a price of $17.70 each. Fixed costs amounted to $841,000 and pretax income was $1,131,000. What amount should have been reported as variable costs in the company's contribution margin income statement for the year in question?

Multiple Choice

• $4,002,000.
• $1,972,000.
• $3,161,000.
• $2,320,000.
• $5,133,000.