During the 19th century, many juveniles were considered which of the following in society?

a.Individuals with due process rights

b.Juvenile youth with state protections

c.Chattel, or other people's property

d.All of the above

Under English common law during the 1600s, any child over how many years was considered fully accountable for any committed criminal behavior?

a.6 years old

b. 7 years old

c. 12 years old

d. 18 years old

Based on Puritan values, creators of houses or refuge believed that abused or juvenile youth would be saved through which of the following?

a.Prayer

b.Therapeutic treatment

c.Hard work

d. Both A and C

Which of the following argued for a separate system of justice for juveniles?

a.parens patriae

b.Balanced Juvenile Justice and Crime Prevention Act of 1996

c.Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899

d.None of the above

Child savers helped to createe and run which form of treatment program for juveniles?

a.House of refuge

b.Juvenile justice court

c.Multisystemic therapy

d.All of the above

Which of the following is the legal concept used to describe a court appointed guardian to aid in decisions about treatment for juveniles who need specialized care?

a.Guardian ad litem

b.Parens patriae

c.Advocate

d.None of the above