During the acquisition of BrightFuture by Global Innovations Corp., the Purchase Price Allocation $($PPA$)$ process identified several intangible assets.

Which of the following intangible assets is typically considered separate from goodwill and directly attributable to identifiable assets in the context of PPA?

a$.$ The overall reputation of BrightFuture in the industry.

b$.$ Patents and proprietary technology developed by BrightFuture.

c$.$ The synergy benefits expected to arise from the combination of Global Innovations and BrightFuture.

d$.$ The expectation of future growth due to market expansion opportunities.