E2. Ford is a popular brand name in the automobile industry. Ford has established several innovative methods in its product manufacturing process in the middle of the 1990s. They are using a more flexible and efficient method of the production process. The reconstructing process was called as FPS. In the year of January 1999, Ford company established a re-constructing technique in his company popularly known as Ford 2000 in those days. The main goal of this company's program is to implement and develop a modernized production system known Ford production system. According to the website of Ford organization, "The vision of FPS is a lean, flexible and disciplined common production system, defined by a set of principles and processes, that employs groups of capable and empowered people, learning and working safely together, in the production and delivery of products that consistently exceed customers' expectations in quality, cost and time." Ford introduced a new production system that focuses on minimizing waste within the manufacturing system at the same time maximizing productivity. It means to eliminate all types of major wastes including the wastage of labor force and their time, defective spare parts, scrap materials, etc., the various advantages of lean production like production cost of the company was reduced by 50%, The the requirement of the labor force was decreased by fifty percentage, and the cycle time of the production process of the company was decreased by fifty percentage, while maintaining or increasing throughput, 80% of the company inventory also reduced. The customer services levels also increased gradually and the capacity facilities also increased up to fifty percentages. Answer the following: a) Write a report to show a comparative study between the traditional production system in the past with a modern lean production system. Also, support your report with examples. (5 Marks) b) Give your own illustration of how wastage can be reduced by implementing a lean production system in an organization