Each equilibria has several disturbances. Each one needs to be addressed separately. For each disturbance to the equilibrium reaction, state how the disturbance affected the equilibrium (shifting it left or shifting it right). Explain specifically what occurred and how it pairs with the observation.

Part 2: Indicator Equilibria. There is a class of dyes that changes color depending on the concentration of H3O+ions in solution. These dyes are called acid-base indicators. The generic reaction HIn+H2OH3O++Inonecoloranothercolor phenolphthalein to the other. Add one drop of 6MHCl to shows how the indicators work. They are usually carbon each test tube. Add two drops of 6MNaOH to each test containing compounds with benzene rings. The concentra- tube. Record your observations and explain what happened tion of H3O+required to shift the equilibrium differs for using Le Chtelier's principle. Here is the generic indicator different indicators. Methyl orange is red in the HIn state, equation rewritten for methyl orange: yellow-orange in the Instate. If the H3O+is greater than 104(pH of 4), methyl orange shifts to the HIn state. Phenolphthalein is colorless in the HIn state, pink in the Instate. If the H3O+is greater than 109(pH of 9), phenolphthalein shifts to the HIn state. HCl increases the H3O+, and NaOH decreases the H3O+. Place about 1 milliliter of deionized water into each of two Rewrite the generic equation in a similar way for phenoltest tubes. Add a drop of methyl orange to one, a drop of phthalein in the explanation section on the next page. Observations: - Add a drop of methyl orange to one test tube The deionized water turns into an orange color - Add a drop of phenolphthalein to the other test tube The deionized water still appears to be clear. - Add a drop of 6MHCL to each test tube The test tube with phenolphthalein remains clear whereas the test tube with the methyl orange becomes a dark orange-red color. - Add 2 drops of 6MNaOH to each test tube The test tube with phenolphthalein becomes a vibrant pink color whereas the test tube with the methyl orange returned to the regular orange color