Ecologists mapped a large Canadian forest plot dominated the Douglas fir, with an understory of western hemlock and western red cedar. The two-way table below records all 2,050 trees in the plot by species and life stage. Sapling trees (young trees shorter than 1.3 meters) are indicative of the future of the forest. Test the relationship between species and life stage.

1. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?
2. What proportion of trees would you expect of be saplings if the null hypothesis was true?
3. How many western red cedars would you expect to be saplings if the null hypothesis was true?
4. Can you please help me to fill out the table of expected counts?
   

\f\f