Education minister has just announced an ambitious plan to overhaul country’s education system. The plan includes removing formal examinations up to grade three to enable children to experience “active learning” in “practical and interesting lessons” instead of hurting them with the “burden of exams”. From grades six to ten, which cover secondary education, the number of textbooks will be reduced, from the current 12-14 to 10. Now, students choose different and specialized subjects in science, arts, and business studies from grades 9-10, but the new system aims to introduce the same books for all pupils, and the selection of specific subjects is deferred to grades 11-12. The new system intends to prioritize practical learning and modernize the education system to make pupils ready for today’s world. However, experts have identified a number of challenges for government that might prove to be pivotal for the success of this highly ambitious plan. Following are the comments from these experts which discuss these challenges: Expert 01: We need to ensure quality of teacher and student competency. Therefore, the government must think about how to prepare teachers for the new system. Empirical evidence suggests that increasing the number of teachers training institute might be accompanied with improvement in the quality of teacher and thus might improve student competency. Furthermore, empirical evidence supports the idea that providing a detailed teaching manual would make sure that the teacher quality does not decrease if not increase which is also important for student competency. Expert 02: It is quite a challenge to predict what would ensure supply of quality teacher. Data suggest positive correlation with high salary with good non-monetary benefits and quality teacher’s intention to join academia. 

01(a): From expert 01 opinion, develop one directional and one non-directional hypothesis that would ensure or improve student competency based on scientific evidence. Based on data, what is/are your independent variable and what is/are your dependent variable and why do you think they are relevant. Points: 05 

01(b): In the given context, from the list of SPSS tests taught in the course, can you suggest any hypothesis that can be tested to check whether good non-monetary benefits cause teacher quality to increase? Why or why not? If your answer is yes, what type of test you would run in SPSS to test the hypothesis and why? What are the criteria you would look at to reject your null hypothesis? Points: 05

01(c): From expert 02 opinion, develop a hypothesis that would successfully predict how many highly skilled people are interested to join academia. Identify your dependent and independent variable and explain why you are selecting them. What test would you carry on SPSS to test your hypothesis and why? What are the criteria you would look at to reject your null hypothesis?