Elijah is undergoing treatment for mild depression. His therapist has encouraged Elijah to remember as many details as possible about times when he felt happiness, solitude, and joy. Elijah is having difficulty remembering a time when he was not feeling down. This is probably because of the effects of ________.

a. need for a new therapist

b. inappropriate retrieval cues

c. mood-dependent memories

d. information-evoked memories