Erica has had limited interaction with individuals from different cultural backgrounds. She just enrolled in a local college and is somewhat hesitant in venturing out of her comfort zone. She has always shied away from social gathers and even job situations if she anticipates meeting others who do not necessarily look or talk like her.

Unfortunately because of this, she has missed out on a number of opportunities to make new friends and expand her social network. Erica's experiences illustrate which of the following?