ESL 118

April 26, 2024

IRP Final Draft

Word count:

Legalization of Medical Marijuana in Wisconsin

The movement toward the legalization of medical marijuana in Wisconsin is gaining power, emphasized by a growing acknowledgment of its positive effects medically, socially, and economically. Recent developments have shown that a significant portion of Wisconsin's population, 64% according to a Marquette Law School Poll, stands in favor of legalizing cannabis for medical purposes, indicating a strong societal push towards embracing this policy change (Herrington, 2024). Moreover, proposals for creating a highly restrictive medical marijuana program in the state have emerged, suggesting a system that would make medical cannabis available to severely ill individuals through controlled dispensaries, reflecting a cautious yet forward-moving approach to legalization (Bauer, 2024). This cautious approach is further illustrated by plans to limit patients to smokeless cannabis options, such as oils and edibles, ensuring a focus on the therapeutic use of cannabis while mitigating concerns related to smoking (Jaeger, 2024). In light of these considerations, the argument for legalizing medical marijuana in Wisconsin is not only supported by public opinion and legislative movements but also aligns with a thoughtful approach to public health, social equity, and economics.

Wisconsin stands at a critical juncture in the national conversation on medical marijuana legalization, influenced by the evolving regulatory landscape in the Midwest where neighboring states have already embraced reform (Wisconsin Policy Forum, 2020). The state's contemplation of policy changes is driven by a comprehensive examination of potential health, safety, and socioeconomic outcomes. Beyond the economic factors, legalization of medical marijuana extends to considerations of medical equity and social justice, adding depth to the debate (Lewin, 2023). The collective impact of these discussions underscores the significance of assessing Wisconsin's stance on medical marijuana in light of regional movements, economic benefits, and the broader societal narrative, urging a thoughtful review of state policies among changing public sentiment and empirical evidence (Sevigny, 2023).

The therapeutic potential of medical marijuana, particularly in the field of epilepsy treatment, is an area of growing interest and research within the medical community. Epilepsy is a brain disorder which causes unprovoked seizures. However, the Epilepsy Foundation outlines the considerable promise that medical marijuana holds as an effective treatment option for seizures, supporting this with evidence from clinical trials and patient experiences. A study highlighted a significant drop in seizure frequency among patients treated with cannabidiol (CBD), a key component of medical marijuana demonstrating the benefits in the use of cannabis-derived treatments for epilepsy (NYU Langone, 2023). The study states that the medical effects of some components of cannabis is proven and experts in various fields are starting to recognize the benefits of the legalization of medical marijuana (NYU Langone, 2023). Also, a review by Zaheer et al. (2018) reveals that the efficacy of cannabis, particularly CBD, is most pronounced in patients with specific types of seizures, such as atonic and focal seizures (Zaheer et al., 2018). The fact that CBD is effective in epileptic seizure control and that experts are beginning to recognize the efficacy implies that research in CBD as a medication for epilepsy is crucial as epilepsy is known to be incurable. Further bolstering the case for medical marijuana's efficacy in epilepsy, a study conducted by NYU Langone (2023) discovered a new mechanism by which CBD can mitigate epileptic seizures. This research suggests that CBD interrupts a "positive feedback loop" responsible for increasing LPI-GPR55 signaling, a pathway implicated in the exacerbation of seizure activity, offering a potential target for future therapeutic interventions. Moreover, the advocacy for medical cannabis, particularly CBD, by organizations such as the Epilepsy Foundation, underscores the ongoing exploration into the benefits of these compounds for individuals with epilepsy. These efforts are aimed not only at recognition the therapeutic potential of cannabis but also at navigating the complex legal and medical landscape surrounding its use.

In summary, the body of evidence supporting the efficacy of medical marijuana, particularly CBD, in treating epilepsy is growing, with studies demonstrating significant reductions in seizure frequency and unveiling the mechanisms through which CBD exerts its effects. This promising opportunity of research offers hope to those for whom traditional treatments have fallen short, indicating a potential paradigm shift in epilepsy management. However, the need for further research to interpret the full spectrum of benefits and limitations remains unresolved in the quest to harness the therapeutic potential of medical marijuana in epilepsy treatment.

The potential legalization of medical marijuana in Wisconsin holds promising economic advantages, similar to those observed in other regions where such reforms have been implemented. The introduction of legal medical marijuana is expected to improve the establishment of numerous businesses across various sectors of the industry, including cultivation, distribution, and retail. These new enterprises are not only controlled to create more employment opportunities but also significantly enhances state revenues through taxation methods designed for this specific market (Farrelly, 2023). The transition to a legal medical marijuana market could lead to substantial reductions in government expenditures by the decrease in law enforcement resources towards marijuana-related offenses, thereby reducing the use of overall public finances (Pacula, 2017).

In addition to such monetary benefits, the legalization of medical marijuana could contribute to healthcare cost savings, particularly in the realm of pain management. With its potential as a natural and non-addictive alternative to opioids, medical marijuana offers a promising avenue for reducing the reliance on prescription opioids, thus indirectly contributing to economic savings in healthcare expenses. The positive economic impact of marijuana legalization in neighboring states such as Illinois and Minnesota provides a compelling standard for Wisconsin. These states have witnessed significant economic uplift by increased tax revenues and strengthened local economies, further bolstering the case for legalization in Wisconsin (Lewin, 2023). Moreover, the social and economic implications of legalizing medical marijuana extend beyond immediate financial gains. The regulatory framework that accompanies legalization can introduce standardized practices and access across the state, ensuring fairness and preventing disproportionate drug charges. This aspect of legalization not only contributes to social equity but also fosters a more inclusive and fair economic landscape. Additionally, the influx of tax revenues generated from marijuana sales can be reinvested into community programs, healthcare, and education, amplifying the long-term benefits of legalization (Wisconsin Policy Forum, 2023). The case for legalizing medical marijuana in Wisconsin is further supported by academic research, which highlights the economic benefits, ranging from job creation and increased tax revenues to reduced law enforcement costs and potential healthcare savings (Pacula, 2017).

Legalizing medical marijuana in Wisconsin carries the potential to significantly promote social equity, addressing long-standing disparities by the prohibition of cannabis. The unrelated impact of cannabis prohibition on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities is well-documented, with arrest rates for cannabis possession disproportionately affecting these populations (RAND Corporation, 2021). It was shown that members of the BIPOC communities are more vulnerable to unjust arrests. Legalization of medical marijuana aims to resolve these disparities by removing the legal barriers that contribute to a cycle of criminalization and socioeconomic exclusion. Moreover, the introduction of medical marijuana legislation can provide a framework for equitable access to cannabis for medicinal purposes, thereby ensuring that all individuals, irrespective of their socioeconomic status, have access to alternative treatments.[WL1] This approach aligns with the broader goals of social justice by promoting fairness and accessibility in healthcare (Carliner et al., 2017). The proposed models for the legalization of medical marijuana often include provisions for removing past cannabis-related convictions, which can significantly alleviate the long-term consequences faced by individuals previously penalized under outdated cannabis laws (RAND Corporation, 2021). This aspect of legalization is crucial for repairing the harms inflicted by the war on drugs, particularly in communities of color, and represents a vital step towards justice. Furthermore, the regulatory frameworks proposed for the legalization of medical marijuana in Wisconsin emphasize the importance of ensuring that the emerging cannabis industry is inclusive and accessible to historically marginalized communities. This includes prioritizing these communities for business licenses and employment opportunities within the cannabis sector, which not only provides economic opportunities but also helps in rectifying historical injustices (RAND Corporation, 2021). The legalization of medical marijuana in Wisconsin embodies a multifaceted approach to promoting social equity. By addressing the disparities intensified by cannabis prohibition, providing equitable access to medicinal cannabis, offering economic opportunities, and enacting restorative justice measures, legalization can serve as a solution for advancing social equity in Wisconsin. It's crucial that the legislation and its implementation remain consistent of these equity goals to ensure that the benefits of legalization are fairly distributed.

The argument that medical marijuana should not be legalized often faces concerns about its impact on users' ability to manage their own health and overall well-being. Critics argue that marijuana use can lead to significant cognitive impairments, which can affect a person's decision-making capabilities, potentially disabling them from taking proper care of their health. For instance, research has suggested that cannabis use can result in persistent cognitive impairments, including challenges with attention, memory, and learning. These effects can extend beyond the period of intoxication and may have long-lasting implications on an individual's ability to function effectively in daily life, educational settings, and the workplace (O'Reilly, 2022). Such findings present a strong argument against the legalization of medical marijuana, suggesting that its use can disable individuals from adequately caring for their own health.

As the fact that marijuana can cause cognitive concerns hold true, the argument that marijuana disables its users from taking care of their health is inaccurate. In fact, Casarett, an eminent physician explains that medical marijuana actually enables patients to take full control of their lives (2016). Casarett introduces a patient who came to him explaining why she chose marijuana dispensaries over traditional medical care (2016). Casarett explains that patients that go to marijuana dispensaries are more interactive and as a result, learn more about their health issues (2016). This allows patients to be better aware of their conditions and most importantly, have control over their overall health.

In conclusion, Wisconsin should legalize medical marijuana since the benefits of medical marijuana outweighs the harms medically, socially, and economically.

References

Carliner, H., Brown, Q. L., Sarvet, A. L., & Hasin, D. S. (2017). Cannabis use, attitudes, and legal status in the U.S.: A Review. Preventive Medicine, 104, 13-23.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.008

Farrelly, K. N., Wardell, J. D., Marsden, E., Scarfe, M. L., Najdzionek, P., Turna, J., & MacKillop, J. (2023). The Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Cannabis Use and Associated Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Substance abuse : research and treatment,17, 11782218231172054.https://doi.org/10.1177/11782218231172054

Lewin, J. (2023, November 30). Legalizing Cannabis in Wisconsin: Do the benefits outweigh the costs?. Madison Commons - Dane county Community News.https://madisoncommons.org/legalizing-cannabis-in-wisconsin-do-the-benefits-outweigh-the-costs/

O'Reilly, J. (2020, January 20). Cannabis Use Produces Persistent Cognitive Impairments. Neuroscience News.https://neurosciencenews.com/cannabis-cognition-19945/Top of Form

OUR VIEW: Legalizing marijuana in Wisconsin will bring in millions, increase freedom, recognize reality. (2023, August 14). Wisconsin State Journal.

NYU Langone Health. (2023, February 13). Study Reveals How Cannabidiol Counters Epileptic Seizures [Press release]. https://nyulangone.org/news/study-reveals-how-cannabidiol-counters-epileptic-seizures

Pacula, R. L., & Smart, R. (2017). Medical Marijuana and Marijuana Legalization.Annual review of clinical psychology,13, 397-419.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045128

Parr, K. (2021, March 2). BDSA reports global cannabis sales exceeded $21 billion in 2020; forecasts $55.9 billion by 2026. GlobeNewswire News Room.https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/03/02/2185408/0/en/BDSA-Reports-Global-Cannabis-Sales-Exceeded-21-Billion-in-2020-Forecasts-55-9-Billion-by-2026.html

RAND Corporation. (2021). Cannabis Legalization and Social Equity: Some Opportunities, Puzzles, and Trade-Offs.https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP68681.html

Sevigny, E. L., Greathouse, J., & Medhin, D. N. (2023). Health, safety, and socioeconomic impacts of cannabis liberalization laws: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews,19(4), e1362.https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1362

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Ted. (2016, November). David Casarett: A doctor's case for medical marijuana [Video]. TED.https://www.ted.com/talks/david_casarett_a_doctor_s_case_for_medical_marijuana

Wisconsin Policy Forum (2023). Changing midwest marijuana landscape impacts Wisconsin. Wisconsin Policy Forum.https://wispolicyforum.org/research/changing-midwest-marijuana-landscape-impacts-wisconsin/[WL2]

Zaheer, S., Kumar, D., Khan, M. T., Giyanwani, P. R., & Kiran, F. (2018). Epilepsy and Cannabis: A Literature Review.Cureus,10(9), e3278.https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3278

feedback: INTRO omit that first sentence or maybe get a citation to start - this is the place to catch the reader's interest - evidence - people support it - what "it" is - more about what it is - so why support first? and no against? THESIS so you will have 5 body paragraphs? public opinion, legislative, public health, social equity and $? and of course you need an order to your arguments and what is your argument? we should legalize - you need to be more explicit - who should do what? BACKGROUND don't include the pro arguments here - like social justice - that is for the body - here just the evolution of the laws - public hearings, votes.... your evidence is way too vague - background is for details - and also include what other states are doing and TOPIC SENTENCES repeat the thesis argument in each - and there must be a 2nd topic sentence for each argument bc they should be in 2 paragraphs #1 - so not "medical" - just epilepsy - then focus in the thesis #2 - "economic advantages" - so vague - and connect and order #3 - social equity - connect and order EVIDENCE #1 - epilepsy - you have evidence boundary issues - too much from the first source - I explained on the paper - and incorrect citation placement in Zaheer - your using connection words - ok - but they don't make sense - basically your ideas are "and" - delving deeper, further.... - you want logic - so - Epilepsy Foundation - study shows it helps - Zaheer - study shows it helps specific types (connection is "It is most helpful for some specific.." - NYU Langone - how it helps (connection is "This occurs BY ...) you need - an expert who states it and some specific examples and then reorder and split into paragraphs #2 - $$ (doesn't match order in thesis) - evidence boundary issues - no "and" or In addition or further - get more, reorder and connect AND BIGEEST ISSUE - you are really not connecting to medical all the time - a lot of this is about recreational #3 - social I don't know about this one - you could focused on healthcare savings - but you can't include all the recreational advantages..... like tax advantages CA use better ca vocab this has to be about medical - you are talking about recreational here - and you only have 1 piece of evidence REFUTATION evidence boundary - 1 piece of evidence... CONCLUSION more CITATIONS/REFERENCES references -

, you have them justified, some have no links, no authors, and "Ted" is not the author - google "apa reference ted talk" LANGUAGE it is super vague and flowery - you need to focus more on specifics and explicit language

and this paper is short - it is failing - if you can't get it to seven pages, it will receive an F - the rubric grade is for a paper with the mistakes but that is long enough - so you could not actually receive this grade - does that make sense? make sue to ask