Ethics

YRELSE QUESTION 1 Social contract theorists maintain that when citizens abide by the rules and laws of society, they help to establish: a. social stability and cooperation b. the state of nature unlimited personal liberty Od the dismantling of the social contract QUESTION 2 Rawls argues that the "veil of ignorance" can help lawmakers and policymakers to: a. remain ignorant of both their personal attributes and basic social and economic facts about the society in which they live ob.create fair laws and policies that are free from prejudice, favoritism, and other forms of bias O c. permanently forget their social standing and natural abilities O d. incorporate their personal preferences into systems of wealth distribution QUESTION 3 When Kittay claims that dependency is often pathologized in contemporary society, she means that: a. caretaking for dependent people should be done by their friends and family, not by society, b. society values caretakers but not the people they care for C. dependency and vulnerability are seen as deviations from the norm, not as normal parts of the human experience. d. some people will never once experience dependency throughout their lives. QUESTION 4 3 Which of the following is an accurate portrayal of the Principle of Forfeiture as it applies to killing in self-defense? a. A person may never kill another person in self-defense because killing directly violates the natural law. b. An innocent person may kill their attacker in self-defense just so long as their primary intention is not to directly bring about the death of their attacker. OC. An innocent person who is being attacked by another is morally obligated to kill their attacker. Od. When someone attacks an innocent person, that attacker gives up their moral claim to continue existing thus, the innocent person may retaliate and kill their attacker in self-defense. QUESTIONS According to natural law theory's Doctrine of Double Effect: a. We will never face a situation where two moral duties might come into conflict. b. We can perform an action that violates the natural law if it brings about happiness for the greatest number of people. c. We can perform an action that has "bad" consequences so long as our intention is not to bring about those bad consequences. d. Our intentions don't matter when it comes to evaluating the morality of specific actions. QUESTION 6 10 points Short answer options(please pick one): How does natural law theory determine which things have natural value? Do you agree with natural law theory that things with natural value help to determine the basis for that which is morally right? Why or why not? Recall that one of the criticisms of Social Contract Theory is that it might not obligate us to consider the elderly, infants, or future generations in our moral decision-making. How might someone respond to this objection and argue that, in fact, we do have moral obligations to one or more of these vulnerable populations under Social Contract Theory? (Though you are not required to, you may address Kittay's argument in your response.) According to the U.S. Labor Department, women earn, on average, 80 cents for every dollar that men earn Women of color earn even less on the dollar when their earnings are compared to men's. Do you think that this income inequality meets Rawls's conditions for permissible social and economic inequality? Why or why not