Ethylene glycol is an organic compound widely used in industry as an automotive antifreeze and polymer precursor. It is also widely used in freckles systemsor systems where water needs to be cooled below freezing temperature.In this project, you are the design manager at a commercial ethylene glycol production facility and you are also a member of the Plant Safety and Design Review Committee (TSTIK). The responsibilities of this committee include designing a part of this facility and reviewing, approving design changes with minimum cost and maximum efficiency, as well as submitting studies to the Dec Regulatory Commission (TDK).Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene oxide by reacting with water according to the following equation.

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this reaction can be catalyzed by acids or bases, or 245 Csicakliktanotr at PH can occur. After the reaction, unwanted by-products are purified by the cleaning flow of the reactor, and only ethylene glycol is stored. Ethylene glycol is widely stored and used in liquid form, so the ethylene glycol produced needs to be condensed for storage and cooled from 245 C to room temperature. At this stage,some problems are arising with the condensate unit at this production facility. In the condensation unit, only 42.5 MW of heat can be removed from ethylene glycol. This condenser(condenser) capacity is insufficient for cooling ethylene glycol from 245 C to room temperature. In other words, this value does not meet the heat required to liquefy ethylene glycol. On the other hand, this problem can be solved if ethylene glycol is cooled down to a temperature after the reactor by placing a body-and-tube heat exchanger between the reactor and the condenser (which is sufficient for Decensuring ethylene glycol in the condensation unit).At this point, taking into account all these requirements,your duty as a member of TSTIK is; to provide an efficient cooling with a minimum total cost. In this context, it is expected that you will design a tubular exchanger to cool the ethylene glycol from 245C to a sufficient temperature with the given restrictions. Ethylene oxide enters the reactor at a flow rate of 40 kg/s. 30% of this mass is cleaned by the by-products with the cleaning flow of the reactor, and 70% of the entering mass is fed to the heat exchanger as ethylene glycol. Cooling water at a flow rate of 15 kg/h and a temperature of 20C is sent to the pipe of the heat exchanger. The total pressure drop between the body and the pipe of the exchanger should be lower than 0.5bar and 0.9bar, respectively.

Design a housing tube heat exchanger according to the given conditions and determine the following parameters for each predicted situation. 1) Inner diameter of the pipe (m) 2) The outer diameter of the pipe (m) 3) Pipe pitch(pitch)(m) 4) Pipe length(m) 5) The number of pipes 6) Number of passes 7) The number of partitions (curtains) 8) Partition (curtain) gap (m) 9) The velocity of the fluids on the body and pipe side (m/s) 10) Reynolds number of liquids on the body and pipe side 11) Heat transfer coefficients of fluids on both the body and pipe side (W/m2K) 12) Pressure drop along the pipe side and body (Pa) 13) Total heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K) 14) External area of the unit (m2) Report your result together with the following information: Do not forget to check the pressure limitations of the material you are using in the heat exchanger design. After calculating the heat exchanger parameters, optimize your design according to the total cost by selecting two of the design parameters listed from 1 to 8 in the list above. Optimization Show your results by plotting the total cost graphs against the selected design parameter. Please table all the design parameters and the total cost for each unit. Please show only one example calculation for a series of designs. Please show the physical properties of the selected material together with references in tabular form.

TOTAL COST CALCULATION The total cost of the heat exchanger is calculated by adding fixed costs and operating costs. Use the following equation to calculate the total cost: =00(1+)++0 II+000 here; : The total cost of the exchanger and its operation ($/year) 0: Non-installation of the heat exchanger per external heat transfer surface area of the pipes in the unit ($/m2) : Cost of auxiliary fluid ($/kg) I: 1 Nm supply cost to pump the fluid flowing by the pipe of the unit ($/Nm) 0: 1 Nm supply cost to pump the liquid flowing from the housing side of the unit ($/Nm) 0: External heat transfer surface area of pipes (m2) : Annual fixed fees, including maintenance, are expressed as a part of the initial cost (dimensionless) : Installation cost (dimensionless) : Flow rate of auxiliary fluid (kg/hour) : Annual working hours (hours/year) I: Power loss inside the pipes per internal area of the pipes in the unit (N/ms) 0: Power loss inside the pipes per outlet of the pipes in the unit (N/ms) Costs: 0: You can choose one of the following materials for heat exchanger construction. The purchase cost of these materials per external heat transfer surface area is as follows: Carbon steel: $275/m2 Type 304 stainless steel: $325/m2 Type 316 stainless steel: $355/m2 : Installation cost; 15% of the purchased cost : Annual fixed fees, including maintenance, are equal to 20% of the installation cost. The cost of cooling water is $ 0.1/ton. The cost of the energy provided to pass the cooling water and engine oil through the heat exchanger is $ 150/MWh. The unit works 7000 hours per year.

Note B: Determination of the Optimal Design Parameter Select two design parameters and perform heat transfer calculations for these parameters. ,,,,, and turn all your conclusions about the total cost into a table. Then select another value for the design parameter and repeat the calculations. For each value of the design parameter etc. design parameter or 0vs. design parameter or etc. show it in the graphic as a design parameter. Calculate the total cost using the equation given above for each value of the design parameter. Keep changing the value of the selected design parameter until you get a minimum in the total cost function, as shown below. At the point where the total cost is minimal, your design parameter is optimal. For example, according to the figure given below (Figure 1), the cost is minimal when the value of the parameter is around 7.8. This means that the optimal value of the selected design parameter is 7.8.