Evaluate the financial performance of Ford and Tesla using the following data for the fiscal year 2019:

($ millions)	Ford	Tesla
Net sales	$155,900	$24,578
Cost of goods sold	$130,700	$20,456
Gross profit	$25,200	$4,122
Operating expenses	$14,800	$2,467
Operating income	$10,400	$1,655
Interest and other (income) expense	$2,000	$500
Earnings before provision for income taxes	$8,400	$1,155
Provision for income taxes	$2,520	$350
Net earnings	$5,880	$805

Required: a. Calculate the gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and net profit margin for each company. b. Compute the return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) for both companies. Assume Ford's equity is $40,000 million and total assets are $200,000 million, while Tesla's equity is $10,000 million and total assets are $50,000 million. c. Determine the debt-to-equity ratio for both companies. d. Compare the profitability and efficiency of both companies based on your calculations. e. Discuss the financial leverage and operational efficiency of both companies.