Examine the major criteria for transshipment port selection with relevant examples.

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The major criteria for transshipment port selection.

1) Port physical and technical infrastructure

1.1 Basic infrastructure condition such as depth of water

1.2 Technical structure such as facilities, size of container terminal and the information technology status of the port

1.3 Intermodal links such as port accessibility, port service coverage, size of hinterland and inland freight rates

2) Port geographical location

2.1 Proximity to import/ export areas such as cargo volume / cargo generating effect, and trade inertia

2.2 Proximity to feeder ports including frequency of feeder shipping services, frequency of ports of call, number of sailings and service consideration.

2.3 Proximity to main navigation routes including time on the route and transit time

3) Port management and administrative perspective

3.1 Management and administration efficiency such as labour problems, port organisation, quality of customs handling, port regulation, flexible operation process, port operation and working hours.

3.2 Vessel turnaround time such as congestion, loading / discharging rate, port berthing time length, and port productivity

3.3 Port safety and terminal security

4) Carriers cost perspective

4.1 Handling cost of containers including government tax /subsidy, carrier handling and demurrage cost

4.2 Container operation costs such as transport and empty container storage / handling costs

4.3 Terminal ownership such as privileged terms to carriers and terminal-related business operation