Examine the principles of chemical reaction engineering in the context of industrial catalysis, emphasizing the role of catalysts in enhancing reaction rates and selectivity. Discuss the factors influencing catalyst activity and stability, including catalyst composition, surface area, and poisoning effects. Evaluate the design considerations for catalytic reactors, such as reactor configuration, heat and mass transfer limitations$,$ and optimal operating conditions, to maximize efficiency and product yield. Analyze the application of catalytic processes in diverse industries, from petrochemicals to pharmaceuticals, highlighting technological advancements and future prospects.