Examine the structure of a protocol stack consisting of four layers that include the

application layer at the top, followed by TCP$,$ IP$,$ and finally Ethernet at the bottom. The

Ethernet layer is unique in that it utilizes both a header and a trailer, unlike the other

layers that only use a header. The respective sizes for the headers are as follows:

application $-16$ bytes, TCP $-20$ bytes, IP $-20$ bytes, whereas the Ethernet layer has a $14-$

byte header and a $4-$byte trailer $($neglect any preamble or gap considerations$).$

a$.$ Create a diagram of the protocol stack, making sure to label each layer.

b$.$ Illustrate a typical packet within this architecture, detailing and marking all headers,

trailers, and payload sections.

c$.$ Given an Ethernet frame's maximum payload capacity of $1500$ bytes, calculate the

percentage of overhead involved when transmitting a message of $4096$ bytes from the

application layer. Remember that the message will need to be fragmented into smaller

frames to comply with the payload capacity of the Ethernet frame when doing your

calculations.