Example 4.3. Water with a density of 998 kg/m (62.3 lb/ft) enters a 50-mm (1.969- in.) pipe fitting horizontally, as shown in Fig. 4.5, at a steady velocity of 1.0 m/s (3.28 ft/s) and a gauge pressure of 100 kN/m (2088.5 lb, /12). It leaves the fitting horizontally, at the same elevation, at an angle of 45 with the entrance direction. The diameter at the outlet is 20 mm (0.787 in.). Assuming the fluid density is constant, the kinetic-energy and momentum correction factors at both entrance and exit are unity, and the friction loss in the fitting is negligible, calculate (a) the gauge pressure at the exit of the fitting and (b) the forces in the x and y directions exerted by the fitting on the fluid