Excel Activity: Cash Budgeting Helen Bowers, owner of Helen's Fashion Designs, is planning to request a line of credit from her bank. She has estimated the following sales forecasts for the firm for parts of 2021 and 2022: Estimates regarding payments obtained from the credit department are as follows: collected within the month of sale, 10%; collected the month following the sale, 75%; collected the second month following the sale, 15\%. Payments for labor and raw materials are made the month after these services were provided. Here are the estimated costs of labor plus raw materials: General and administrative salaries are approximately $18,000 a month. Lease payments under long-term leases are $6,000 a month. Depreciation charges are $24,000 a month. Miscellaneous expenses are $900 a month. Income tax payments of $59,000 are due in September and December. A progress payment of $165,000 on a new design studio must be paid in October. Cash on hand on July 1 will be $122,000, and a minimum cash balance of $95,000 should be maintained throughout the cash budget period. The data has been collected in the Microsoft Excel file below. Download the spreadsheet and perform the required analysis to answer the questions below. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. If your answer is zero, enter " 0 ". a. Prepare a monthly cash budget for the last 6 months of 2021. All payments and expenses should be entered as positive numbers. Net cash losses, negative cash balance, negative cumulative cash, and cumulative loans outstanding, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Cash gain or loss for month Collections Payments for labor and raw materials General and administrative salaries Lease payments Miscellaneous expenses Income tax payments Design studio payment Total payments Net cash gain (loss) during month Loan requirement or cash surplus Cash at start of month Cumulative cash Target cash balance Cumulative surplus cash or loans outstanding to maintain $95,000 target cash balance \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ & $ & $ & $ \\ \hline$ & $ & $ & $ \\ \hline$ & $ & $ & $ \\ \hline \end{tabular} b. Prepare monthly estimates of the required financing or excess funds-that is, the amount of money Bowers will need to borrow or will have available to invest. Required financing, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. c. Now suppose receipts from sales come in uniformly during the month (that is, cash receipts come in at the rate of 1/30 or 1/31 each day), but all outflows must be paid on the 5th. Will this affect the cash budget? That is, will the cash budget you prepared be valid under these assumptions? If not, what could be done to make a valid estimate of the peak financing requirements? No calculations are required, although if you prefer, you can use calculations to illustrate the effects. In a situation, where inflows and outflows are not synchronized during the month, it likely to be possible to use a cash budget centered on the end of the month. To make a valid estimate of the peak financing requirements, the company d. Bowers' sales are seasonal, and her company produces on a seasonal basis, just ahead of sales. Without making any calculations, discuss how the company's current and debt ratios would vary during the year if all financial requirements were met with short-term bank loans. Could changes in these ratios affect the firm's ability to obtain bank credit? Explain. The months preceding peak sales would show current ratio and debt-to-capital ratio due to additional short-term bank loans. In the following months as receipts are collected from sales, the current ratio would and the debt-to-capital ratio would . Abnormal changes in these ratios affect the firm's ability to obtain bank credit. e. If Bowers' customers began to pay late, collections would slow down, thus increasing the required loan amount. If sales declined, this also would have an effect on the required loan. Do a sensitivity analysis that shows the effects of these two factors on the maximum loan requirement. Enter your answers as positive numbers. To complete the sensitivity analysis, follow these steps in excel: - Ensure that cell A60 is a reference to cell B56 (i.e. "=B56"). - Select/highlight cells A60 through H69 (A60:H69). - From the top ribbon, select Data > Forecast > What-If-Analysis > Data Table - For row input cell click on cell B5 or enter $B$5. - For column input cell click on cell B14 or manually enter $B$14. Click "Ok". % Collections in 2 nd month