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Exercise 7: Answer the questions for this exercise in the next page (add additional pages if needed). In this exercise, you do not need

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Exercise 7: Answer the questions for this exercise in the next page (add additional pages if needed). In this exercise, you do not need to create a matrix with 0 and 1 to identify the ancestral and derived character states. (Adapted from: Life, 12th ed. By Hillis et al., 2020.) 1) Use the data matrix to reconstruct the phylogeny of land plants. Calculate the tree length. 2) Plants that produce seeds are known as seed plants. What is the sister group to the seed plants among these taxa? 3) Which two synapomorphies evolved along the same internode of your reconstructed phylogeny? 4) Are there any homoplasies? Trait Taxon Protected True embryos Persistently Vascular Stomata True roots green cells Seeds leaves sporophyte Stonewort (outgroup) Liverwort + Pine tree + + + + Bracken fern Club moss Sphagnum moss Hornwort + Sunflower + + + + + + + .

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