EXERCISES AND STUDY QUESTIONS 5.1 With regard to responsibility for risk in the workplace, describe the change in emphasis that occurred in the early 1980 s. 5.2 Does right to know represent a strengthening or weakening of workers' powers in the fight for improved safety and health? Explain. 5.3 What type of container is expressly exempted from the hazard communication standards for labeling? 5.4 For purposes of hazard communication, what is the difference between an article and a material? 5.5 How may chemical companies protect their trade secrets despite requirements to furnish SDSs? 5.6 Are SDSs required for mixtures in which some ingredients are hazardous and others are not? Explain. 5.7 Is an SDS required for a chemical that was purchased by a plant before the hazard communication standard? 5.8 How long must records be kept to trace the use of hazardous substances? Why? 5.9 How long must employee medical records be preserved? 5.10 What should the safety and health manager do about records if a firm decides to go out of business? 5.11 What do the acronyms SARA, CERCLA, and RCRA (i) represent, and how do they relate to OSHA? 5.12 What is the function of a HAZMAT (i) team? 5.13 Under what circumstances is a medical surveillance program required for a given employee? How frequently are medical examinations required for such an employee? 5.14 If an emergency notification of an accidental release of a toxic chemical is required, who should be notified? 5.15 What are expert systems? 5.16 What identifer is typically used by chemical databases to act as a cross-referencing tool to key to properties of the chemical? 5.17 What does the term HAZWOPER represent? 5.18 How many billions of dollars are estimated to have been spent by Americans to clean up the environment in the 1970 s and 1980 s? 5.19 How does right to know shift responsibility for safety and health? 5.20 How does right to know impair employer immunity to litigation for workplace hazards? 5.21 What legal benefits of a medical surveillance program go beyond the benefits of increased safety and health of employees? 5.22 What responsibility to the examining medical physician is placed upon the employer by federal standards