Explain Robert Jervis' major scholarly contribution in his articleRealism, Game Theory, and Cooperationis reducing the seemingly inscrutable caprice of political leader's decisions to a formula based on game theory (Jervis et al 1988).

Why Alexander George's major scholarly contribution in his articleThe "Operational Code": A Neglected Approach to the Study of Political Leaders and Decision-Makingis expanding the concept of operational code or set of elements that define a decision-maker'sdecision-making framework, from Bolshevik leaders to all political leaders (George, et al 1969).

Why Elizabeth Saunders' major scholarly contribution in her articleWar and the Inner Circle: Democratic Elites and the Politics of Using Forceis to differentiate between decision-making process of ordinary people compared to the elite decision-makers involved in international use of force decisions (Saunders et al 2015).

Explain Matthew Kroenig's majorly scholarly contribution in his article Nuclear Superiority and the Balance of Resolve: Explaining Nuclear Crisisis that reexamines conventional theory about the relative safety achieved by nuclear arms balance and introduces the theory of safety achieved by nuclear superiority (Kroenig et al 2013).