Explain the concept of interrupt structure in microcontrollers and how the CPU responds to an interrupt in Intel x$86$ series.

$30.$Polling vs Interrupts

$31.$GOTO vs CALL functions

Design a flowchart for an embedded program that will transfer the data on Port A to Port B continuously.

Design a flowchart for an embedded program that will read data from Port A with only bits $A1$ and $A3$ active add cumulatively in time and display the result on Port $B.$ The process needs to run continuously.

Design a flowchart for an embedded program that will read the input data from Port A$,$ and multiply by $2$ and display it on Port B$.$ The process needs to run continuously.